WEBVTT
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We're giving away five signed copies of Stephen Proctor's book Matchless.
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To enter, you just have to sign up to our
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email list for free. You can do that in the
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link in the show notes or at substack dot com
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slash at Corrected Mistakes. That's what we'll be posting bonus
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content and doing giveaways like these.
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There are six immortals in the game of golf.
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All the analytics tell you is the further you hit.
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It right, the better you are. And you know that's
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become the modern golf swing, a kind of bludgeoning.
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If you play golf, you know the deal. You take lessons,
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you take a tip from YouTube, you practice, you integrate,
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and then it works until it doesn't and you're back
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at square one. Simply put, you've joined the quest for
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the perfect swing. So if you're obsessed with breaking eighty
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or ninety, lasting it to eighty, or hitting it down
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the middle, you've come to the right place. This is
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golf smartest, correct and mistakes, and now here's your home.
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Josh Cart Today, I'm lucky enough to have Stephen Practor,
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who is a golf history in here with us to
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talk about the history of the golf swing. Stephen, thank
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you for taking the time to do this.
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I'm delighted to be on. I really appreciate the opportunity.
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It's always fun to talk about the history of golf
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for me.
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Yeah, well, you've written several great books about it. So
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where do we start, Andrews.
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Yes, No, that's the beginning, and I would say that
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you have to think about the swing as something that
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evolves with the course conditions that you played in, with
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the technology that was available to you, in particular the
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evolution of the ball. So the first ball, the feather ball,
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you couldn't strike it in the way that you strike
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a modern ball, or it would just explode and you
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look like you lost a pillow fight, and feathers would
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be flying everywhere. It needed to be swept off the ground.
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But you couldn't have that downward strike that you have
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in the modern age. It was a very sweepy swing
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and in order to get distance on it, you need
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to have quite a long turn of the club around
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your body. So it was a very arms and wrist
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focused motion. If you look at John Daily or Brooke Henderson,
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who take the club all the way around in that way,
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that was the way the golf club was swung at
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the beginning, so you could get as much force on
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that sweepy swing. He played exclusively with long nosed wooden clubs.
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But I think if you're thinking about the modern golf swing,
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you need to start with what I would think of
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as the first modern ball, and that's the gutty ball,
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the hard rubber ball that you could you could strike
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that ball, you could hit it. You know. You almost
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never used an iron with featheries because they might burst
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if you were close to the green and you could
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ship it. Certain players they know, they well, they did go.
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They did get airborne, but not like the height of
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a ball, be like a little below quail high. They'd be,
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you know, flying quite low under the wind, and all
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from the game would be played mainly on the ground.
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So the Saint Andrews swing is not very closely related
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to the swing as it exists today. Modern swing really
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begins with the introduction of the gutty ball in eighteen fifty.
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And the thing about the gutty ball is you could
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hit it with irons, and so irons start right away
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to become the predominant club, and as a result, the
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swing begins to evolve. The big moment is the arrival
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of young Tom Morris, the first player that decided that
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a way to hit a golf ball was to absolutely
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lash at it, hit it as hard as you could,
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as far as you could, with every single swing. And
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the result of that was that he shortened the swing
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to generate more power and more force. And that's where
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the modern swing starts to evolve, and you know, fearlessness
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being a big part of it. You know, hazards were
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really really hazards in those days. There was no such
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thing as a bunker rake. If you got in a bunker,
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it was a disaster, So people were cautious. Whereas he
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would throw, he didn't have any game for caution at all.
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And that's where the thing begins to change, and it
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wins to epically change with the introdution of the askeoball
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at the turn of the century around nineteen oh two
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or so, were.
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Young Tom Morrison and Varden contemporaries of each others? Or
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what where did they? Because I know Varden had a
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big inact on how the club was swung. Yes after Morris, Yes.
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They're not contemporaries. Tommy precedes him by fifty years or thereabouts.
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Tommy dies in eighteen seventy five and Garden wins his
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first championship in eighteen ninety six, So a generation separates them.
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I think if you want to look for the antecedents
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of the modern swing, you have to start with Carnousti,
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because around the turn of the century, Carnousti sends hundreds
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and hundreds of men to the United States to be
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golf professionals, two hundred and fifty through the US alone,
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four hundred to become golf oppressionals at various other places
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in the world. And the Carnousti swing was a swing,
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and that was much more upper body turn focused, the
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kind of swing that you see a modern golfer making
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begins there and certain key teachers come to the United States,
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namely Stuart Maiden and Alex Smith. Stuart Maiden was the
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model for Bobby Jones's swing, and he also was the
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teacher of Alexa Stirling, who was one of the first
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breakthrough women golfers in the world, one of the first
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women to really lash at the ball in the way
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that a man did, cecil Leach being her contemporary in Britain.
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So those two men, Stuart Maiden, Alex Smith, and a
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lot of other Carnoustie teachers begin to take this idea
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of this Carnoustie swing that's more upper body turn focus,
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meant to deliver more power and strength to the strike
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of the ball. I think Stuart Maiden's basic instruction was
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hold your hands this way, stand up to the ball
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this way, and now hit the hell out of it.
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You know, that was one of the things they want,
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a strong and powerful swing. And then you mentioned Varden.
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So along about eighteen ninety Varden comes along and he
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and all the players from Jersey have a considerably more
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upright swing. And Varden was one of the first people
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to make a very very upright swing, and his swing
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was considered to be picture perfect in that age. And
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so that's another really big step along the road, is
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the arrival of Varden. Part of the reason that it
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is such a big step is that in nineteen hundred
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spends most of a year playing golf all over the
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United States. I forget the exact number of exhibitioncy but
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he's put on, but I think it was around one
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hundred exhibitions for you know, golf courses all over the
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United States. And that is the thing that really gets
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golf going in America. The first permanent club in America
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was founded in eighteen eighty eight, so Varden arriving becomes
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the basic model for Americans learning the game. Also right,
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and I think the other thing that is important. Americans
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took the game in a way different way than Scots
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or Englishmen ever had, or any British person. British people
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did not practice. Of most classic golf facilities have no
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practice area or have had to create a practice area
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somewhere within reasonable driving distance of the club because the
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original clubs people just didn't practice. In Britain. What they
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meant by practice was if they were having trouble with
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their mashie, they would take it out to a quiet
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corner of the course in the evening it hit about
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eight shots with to try to figure out what was
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going on. That was practice, as far as British were concerned,
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Americans practiced. They practiced assiduously, They built facilities for the
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purpose of practicing, and in that way Americans really begame
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the first significant analyzers of the swing. You know, mostly
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it was taught in a natural way in Scotland. Even
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the Carnisty players and stuff but Americans started to die
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it much more technically and that became quite popular across
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the pond in about nineteen twenty or nineteen thirty as well.
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Was that a cultural difference that you know, Americans started
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practicing like crazy too.
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I do think it is a cultural difference. You know,
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Americans have a culture that's very individual, excellence focused. I
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will succeed on my own, whereas Britain. Golf, in particularly
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in Britain, is much more a team focused thing. Most
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people played foursomes as opposed to score play golf. The
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members of the Oxford and Cambridge Golfing Society began to
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get really interested in American ideas. And there's a book
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that's written by Joyce Weathered and Roger, her brother, called
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Golf from Both Sides, and part of it was a
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chapter about Roger having gone to America to see what
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Americans were doing with the golf swing and to try
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to understand why Americans are starting to beat the British
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all the time and for me and they'd never been
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able to do that, but now they've elevated the swing
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and the practice and the mentality about golf to a
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point where they're starting to win and Roger devotes a
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whole chapter to why Americans' ideas are working better than
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our ideas and it's just fascinating to see. And you know,
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once again, technology is deeply involved, because starting about eighteen
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eighty you could take photos that would stop in sequence,
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and then the breakthrough time really is in nineteen thirties,
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when Bobby Jones is excelling, Joyce Weather it is excelling.
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You can actually get a movie now that shows your
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swing and can stop at every certain number of seconds
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to show you precisely where your club is going at
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every moment. We haven't really gotten off that track from
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that moment to this, We've merely continued to perfect it
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to the point now where an average golfer like me
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can if they were that sort of person, which I'm not.
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I need to point out that my you know, knowledge
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of the swing is very strictly academic, as anyone has
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ever seen me play nos. But you can have TrackMan
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on your range, you can see where your clubs go,
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you can see anything you want.
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I've had the horrifying experience of seeing my swing on
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a video camera directly next to Ernie l swing. Yeah,
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and it's nothing I ever want to see again. I
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did take a lesson where they had an indoor facility
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with the track man, and it was un believable. You
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do learn a lot just of basic stuff. I can't
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imagine how for somebody who's doing it all the time,
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who's not a pro. It's got to be just totally
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overwhelming all of that information.
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I would think, so for me, it wouldn't work for me.
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One of the most formative books written about golf is
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called Shape Your Swing. The Modern Away by Byron Nelson
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to test golf balls and golf equipment is called the
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Iron Byron because it replicates the first person who have
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perfected and understood the completely modern swing. Nelson got very
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close to the perfect swing. And of course Nelson had
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huge influence over the game because he helped to teach Watson,
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and he helped to teach Venturi, and he was a
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mentor to many stars in the game in terms of
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how their swings developed and how they moved the golf club.
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And then Hogan, I think, becomes the you know what
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I would call the final mountain of the modern swing.
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You know, he gets to where it's you know, very
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near absolute perfection.
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Now with Nelson. The big factor, as you were saying,
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was you know, you've got equipment, you've got you know,
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the places they're playing, and a bunch of other factors.
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And I know the steel shafts were really the big
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change for Nelson, right, he had to learn how to
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swing with a steel shaft as opposed to a hickory shaft.
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Was that not the catalyst that made this news thing?
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Yes, that's a huge evolutionary aspect of the modern swing
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because obviously a steel shaft going to produce more power,
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you know, have much more likely much more flex in
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it than a hickory cheft, which does have a fair
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amount of flex. But no, Nelson is the first generation
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of people to use one of the first to use it,
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because nineteen thirty, nineteen twenty nine, I believe, is when
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they are made legal. You know, Bobby Jones stayed with
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his hickory clubs, Joyce Weather had stayed with her hickory clubs.
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Many people did, but you know, the new generation went
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to the steel and Nelson was you know, that was
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very influential on how the swing went on to develop
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and the you know, more powerful dimensions of it that
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have continued to evolve into the modern age, where quite
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a lot more emphasis now is put on, you know,
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hitting the ball hard.
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They read a good article about about Nelson changing and
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I think one of the things he said was that
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with the Hickory clubs you had to rotate the head
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open and then rotate it back again closed, and that
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that was not he could be much more vertical right
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with these or maybe vertical is not the right word,
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but less of that action with his hands.
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Well, it's much the modern swing just got much more
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focused on rotating around an axis and not have movement